2015年9月4日金曜日

ノーベル賞月報 (少し遅れの8月号)

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AUGUST 2015
May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser in the laboratory. Photo: Geir Mogen/NTNU.
May-Britt and Edvard I. Moser in the laboratory. Photo: Geir Mogen/NTNU.
"We Can Always Talk and Discuss about the Next Steps"
Married couples where both partners have been awarded the Nobel Prize are not very common in the history of the Nobel Prize. But in 2014 it happened again - when May-Britt and Edvard Moser were awarded the Medicine Prize for their discovery of our "inner GPS". In this podcast, Edvard Moser talks about their long collaboration and the importance of their different personalities.
arrow Listen to Edvard Moser

"One without the Other Would Not Have Gone As Far As in Combination"
Gerty and Carl Cori went through medical school together, graduated, married, and emigrated from Vienna to Buffalo, sensing the rising anti-Semitism. In the US, they collaborated in most of their research work on how hormones and enzymes cooperate. In 1947, after 30 years of team work, they were awarded the Medicine Prize for their research on glycogen and glucose metabolism.
arrow Read Carl Cori's speech at the Nobel Banquet
Gerty and Carl Cori. Photo: U.S National Library of Medicine, Images from the History of Medicine Collection.
Gerty and Carl Cori.
Photo: U.S National Library of Medicine, Images from the History of Medicine Collection

Pierre and Marie Curie.
Pierre and Marie Curie.
A Fruitful Collaboration
Marie and Pierre Curie married in 1895. In the same year, Henri Becquerel discovered that minerals containing uranium emitted a strong radiation. Marie became interested in these "uranium rays", and her research resulted in the idea of a totally new element. This made Pierre put his own research aside and get deeply involved in Marie's project, and in 1898, they discovered two new elements - polonium and radium.
arrow Read more about the Curies and their work

A Scientific Couple
Irène was the eldest daughter of Marie and Pierre Curie. She followed in her parents' footsteps, and eventually started working at their Radium Institute. In 1924, Frédéric Joliot came to the institute to work as an assistant to Marie Curie. It was Irène who taught him the techniques around the research on radioactivity. They married in 1926. The couple researched both individually and together, in particular on the projection of nuclei, which was an essential step in the discovery of the neutron and the positron. Their greatest discovery was artificial radioactivity, for which they were jointly awarded the Chemistry Prize in 1935.
arrow Have a look into the Joliot-Curie's photo gallery
Frédéric Joliot and Irène Joliot-Curie
Frédéric Joliot and Irène Joliot-Curie

Gunnar and Alva Myrdal
Gunnar and Alva Myrdal.
Same Interests - Different Prizes
The Myrdals, Alva and Gunnar, were leading social scientists of the 1930s, deeply interested in family politics and welfare issues. They are so far the only wife/husband team to acquire two awards in different disciplines. Gunnar had already been jointly awarded the 1974 Prize in Economic Sciences on research on the interrelations between economic, social and political processes, while Alva was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982 for her work countering nuclear proliferation.
arrow Biography of Alva Myrdal
Monthly Quiz
Who Said This?
"This must be a world of democracy and respect for human rights, a world freed from the horrors of poverty, hunger, deprivation and ignorance, relieved of the threat and the scourge of civil wars and external aggression and unburdened of the great tragedy of millions forced to become refugees." 
Every Nobel Laureate is an individual with a different story. In their Nobel Lectures they talk about the work behind the prize. Nobelprize.org editors' have chosen some favourite lectures as 'Summer Listening' - listen to them and get inspired!

Who made this quote in their Nobel Peace Prize Lecture? Listen to the lectures and find out. Or make a guess!