2014年9月13日土曜日

The Versatile Laser その他 (今月のノーベル賞月報)

Monthly
SEPTEMBER 2014
Laser disc
Laser disc. Image: Autopilot, CC-BY-SA-3.0 via Wikimedia Commons.
The Versatile Laser
We tend to use things without thinking about them. Every time you use a DVD player or a laser printer, you are using the discovery of three Nobel Laureates in Physics! Charles Townes, Nicolay Basov and Aleksandr Prokhorov shared the 1964 Physics Prize for their fundamental work, which led to the construction of lasers. Their theory for the laser effect is still the one that fundamentally describes all lasers.
arrow More about the laser

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin receives her Nobel Prize.
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin receives her Nobel Prize.
She Brought Crystallography into a New Age
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin was arguably the most outstanding X-ray crystallographer of her time.  She succeeded in determining the structure of penicillin and later determined the structure of vitamin B12. She is one of only four women awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
arrow Watch Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin receive her Nobel Prize

Cholesterol and Human Diseases
In 1964, Konrad Bloch and Feodor Lynen were awarded the Medicine Prize for discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. Thanks to their discoveries, the details of how cholesterol and fatty acids are synthesized and metabolized in the body were revealed.
arrow More about their discoveries
Cholesterol
Cholesterol. Image: Sbrools, CC-BY-SA-3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his acceptance speech
Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his acceptance speech.
"Peace Is More Precious than Diamonds or Silver or Gold"
Martin Luther King dreamt that all inhabitants of the United States would be judged by their personal qualities and not by the color of their skin. He never abandoned his faith in the unarmed struggle, and was called an "undaunted champion of peace" when awarded the1964 Peace Prize.
arrow Watch Martin Luther King Jr. delivering his acceptance speech

2014 Nobel Laureates
Early in October, this year's Nobel Laureates will be announced. Watch the live webcast from the press conferences on Nobelprize.org, and listen to interviews with the new Laureates. If you want up-to-the-minute news - join us on Twitter.
arrow The official Twitter feed of the Nobel Prize
Nobel Peace Prize Announcement

Monthly Quiz
The 1964 Literature Laureate Declined the Prize
Jean-Paul Sartre was awarded the Literature Prize, but made it known that he did not wish to accept the prize as he had always declined official honours. This was quite unusual in the history of the Nobel Prizes. One Peace Prize Laureate has also declined the Nobel Prize - who? Make a guess and click to submit your answer.
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Ramón y Cajal nació ラモン・イ・カハル誕生(1852年) 悪童から探究者に ラモニ・カハール